A list of examples of violence redefinition:
- Housego (AP), September 18 2004, Message Unit 1
- Coleman (AP), April 9 2004, Message Unit 1
- Housego (AP), September 18 2004, Message Unit 2
- Housego (AP), September 18 2004, Message Unit 3
- Housego (AP), September 18 2004, Message Unit 4
- Housego (AP), September 18 2004, Message Unit 6
- Applebaum (Washington Post), February 13 2006, Message Unit 3
- Applebaum (Washington Post), February 13 2006, Message Unit 2
- Applebaum (Washington Post), February 13 2006, Message Unit 4
- Applebaum (Washington Post), February 13 2006, Message Unit 5
- Applebaum (Washington Post), February 13 2006, Message Unit 7
- Applebaum (Washington Post), February 13 2006, Message Unit 8
- Associated Press, November 8 2003, Message Unit 3
- Associated Press, November 8 2003, Message Unit 12
- Associated Press, November 8 2003, Message Unit 17
- Associated Press, November 8 2003, Message Unit 19
- MSNBC, August 19 2004, Message Unit 2
- Douglas and Stearns (Knight Ridder) April 6 2004, Message Unit 10
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Definition of
violence redefinition
In reality, an action was a violent atrocity. In the
patriotic message, the action was not a violent atrocity. The
patriotic message does not deny that the action occurred; it just
changes its nature.
Violent atrocities, in
reality
versus in the
patriotic message
In
reality,
the characteristics of an action determine whether it constitutes a violent atrocity. In the
patriotic message,
the determinant is who is the actor. If the US or a US follower state is the actor, the
action will not be shown as a violent atrocity, if it is shown at all. Rather, if it is not hidden entirely, it will be shown as an act of administration, or even of humanitarianism. By contrast, a much less aggressive or violent act committed by a US target or enemy will be shown as a violent atrocity. In many cases, the end result of this is a strange pattern of representation reversal in terms of both the severity and the aggression of the acts. Small acts of violence count as violence, whereas large ones do not. Defensive acts of violence count as violence, whereas aggressive ones do not. Of course, this is only true in cases where the acts of the US and its follower states are shown; in many cases they are not.
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patriotized history
